Yes.
Endometriosis can return after a hysterectomy and oophorectomy. Endometriosis occurs when cells from the endometrium make their way to the outside of the uterus and implant in various places such as the bladder, bowel, ovaries, and other areas of the pelvic cavity. In fact, endo can implant just about anywhere in the body.
Unfortunately, there is no medically-proven cure for endometriosis at this time. There are many documented cases of endometriosis persisting despite a complete hysterectomy and oophorectomy.