"Athletic" is a subjective term. To an elderly obese person, I am athletic because I can ride a bicycle. To anyone who regularly exercises, I am not athletic at all. To a professional athlete, none of us are very athletic. There are medical standards to what is considered healthy physical shape, if that is what you want to know. You have to consider several factors when calculating these standards because of age. As far a "athletic" abilities like running 3 miles, that is subjective. For others it would be skating or swimming or bicycling or pounds lifted.
As far as your last question, most definitely yes, though probably not at a professional level for all people. Everybody starts out not being athletic. So what if some people change later than others? After 12 years of age our brain is pretty much finished with the hardwiring or our motor skills, sense of timing and space, etc. This makes it hard to achieve a professional level for anyone without exposure to the basic skills of any particular field of endeavor at a young age. It applies to music and dance as well as sports. But that doesn't stop adults from taking up any of these things and enjoying them. It doesn't have to be about how well you do something, but how much you enjoy doing it.
If you are looking for standards, here is a link to the army physical fitness standards (broken down into age groups) for its members.
http://usmilitary.about.com/od/army/a/afpt.htm