A neuropsychological instrument is basically a test, which may be administered in the form of questions, or observations based on requests to perform certain actions, in order to obtain a score that assesses things like abstract reasoning skills, executive function, possible pathology/dysfunction of the brain. These tests are generally administered by a neuropsychologist. Something as old as the Rorschach inkblot test could be considered a neuropsychological instrument. Other instruments/tests measure for anything from learning/memory, visual-spatial relations abilities to effects of obstructive sleep apnea.
